Ethical dilemma Essay Example for Free

good dilemma EssayIn the following, ethical dilemma has been discussed and identified from the tending(p) reason study. The background for the ethical dilemma has been explained. How the consultant has handled the situation of ethical dilemma and how a learner would have handled it unalikely, has been given below. ? Ethical Dilemma Ethical dilemmas, to a fault known as a moral dilemmas, argon situations in which there atomic number 18 two choices to be made, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically agreeable fashion. In such cases, societal and person-to-person ethical guidelines can provide no satisfactory outcome or the chooser. Ethical dilemmas assume that the chooser result abide by societal norms, such as codes of law or religious teachings, in order to make the choice ethically impossible. In the given case study, Kindred Todd is also in a situation which is an ethical dilemma. She had in force(p) finished her master degree and got a very company to gist in. But she did not realize that she had been introduced as an skilled on CQI to the potential clients which she discovers by the end of the meeting with the potential clients.She discussed with her boss about the need of the CQI expert but he did not give it an importance and indirectly pushed her to do what the company says. She has now a conflict between her own set(may be religious) which take a firm stand her on quitting the job and her personal materialistic needs which do not allow to leave such a good company for her career. Background for Ethical Dilemma In a perfect world, businesses and their employees would always do the right thing. Unfortunately, in the real world, ethical dilemmas are a common occurrence in the orkplace.According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dilemmas are situations or problems where a person has to make a difficult choice an ethical dilemma is a problem where a person has to choose between a moral and an immoral act. Employees must overcompensate with pressures to perform and help the company succeed as well as personal temptations to take the easy way out. In the end, workers will likely face many dilemmas in their careers companies should provide training and information to assist them in qualification the right decision. There are many reasons which make the background or the reasons for the ethical dilemma. Employees in organizations undergo in such a situation when they are well-nightimes under the pressure from management . When they are particularly asked to do something which is un ethical but it goes in the companys favor. In some cases, some employees become quite ambitious and want to succeed in their life at any cost without considering the concept of being ethical or un-ethical. They just do what akes them towards promotions or higher career.Though diversity is an important part of business, some people may not be comfortable with people from different backgrounds and possibly be reluctant to tr eat them fairly. This kind of discrimination is not only un ethical but illegal and still remains common. Negotiators may also try to bribe their way to a good deal.While this is illegal in the U. S. , it still sometimes happens in other nations, it is more common, and sometimes til now expected, which can put negotiators in a difficult position. This means in organizations negotiating tactics are sometimes also the cause of ethical dilemma. ? How the Consultant Handled the moorage from Ethic View Point The consultant raised an objection before the president of the company instead of remaining uiet on the issue that why she had been introduced wrong as a CQI expert.Moreover, she passed on the exact evaluation of her meeting about the potential clients and stress on the need of an CQI expert in order to deal with the clients. At least, in order to secure the job, she did not pretend that she can do anything they want. The best part was that she did her best to help the clients i n the area of role improvement by going through books and consulting her friends, so much so that she had a consultant behind her, unseen, to help sort out CQI issues.After the appoint work got over, she resigned the company, as she couldt trust the company for future. A View of How the Learner would have Handled the Situation Differently I would have not been, belike so daring to ask the president for the actual requirement of the clients or might not have resigned the job. ? Conclusion In a workplace, ethical dilemmas are quite common. There are different reasons for a worker to become ethical or un ethical. So, the important thing how you win the war between your values and materialistic needs.

Aluminum smelter in South Africa Essay Example for Free

Aluminum smelter in South Africa EssayWe recommend you do non build this new Greenfield primary aluminum smelter in South Africa. In order to achieve a 15% ROI on your investment, you require a long-term average set of $1500 for aluminum. We obtain estimated that take on for primary aluminum in 5 years will be at $20bn, which will support a market price of around $1490.This firmly builds on the assumption that aluminum inventories will be zero by that time, which depends on a successful implementation of the international Memorandum of Understanding. Historically these non-binding agreements have been very hard to enforce, and so a scenario where supply is far greater than demand is likely, leading to large inventories and lower prices. It is because of this uncertainty that we recommend you do not build the plant. Back-up calculations1.ROI calculation Given investment costs of $1.6bn, full capacity of 466,000 t/year and an ROI requirement of 15%, we calculated that you re quire a price of $1,500 per ton of aluminum.2.In the short run, all smelters need to cover variable costs, which include electricity, alumina, other material costs and freight cost. In the long-run, they need to cover bestow costs. a.The current price ($1,100) covers variable costs for 20 million tons of capacity the long-run price will have to be higher. b.Smelters may pause to scale down production of individual pots, as this will still incur costs of labour or other non-material costs, as well as additional costs in having to rebuild and reline the pots. c.Not all evolvers are subject to the same pressures, e.g., variable costs differ significantly between diametric smelters (different size, efficiency, tax breaks, power agreements). Government-run facilities may have more financial support due to their social role in addition to pure production, such as securing raw materials supply for domestic industries, as well as providing jobs for local communities.3.Given a CAGR of 2% per year, we estimate total aluminum demand to be 27 million tons in 1998. Assuming that inventories are zero, and primary demand accounts for 74% of total supply, this would imply primary demand of 20 million tons.4.To produce 20 million tons, the price would be around $1,490 per ton. 5.The reduction in inventories and stabilization of the price level depends on the success of the MoU. Other producers may not look favorably on you opening a new smelter when they have had to cut down on production.

Translation Project Essay Example for Free

translation Project EssayJean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet in their book Stylistique Comparee du Francaiset de l Anglais (1958) which is a comparative rhetorical analysis of the different translation strategies and procedures utilise in French and English date equivalence-oriented translation as a procedure which replicates the same shoes as in the original, whilst using completely different book of accounting They also suggest that, if this procedure is applied during the translation process, it can maintain the stylistic jounce of the SL text in the TL text.With regard to equivalent expressions betweenlanguage pairs, Vinay and Darbelnet claim that they are acceptable as long as they are listed in a bilingual dictionary as full equivalents. They talk about direct and oblique translation where direct refers to literal translation and oblique refers to bounteous translation. Furthermore, they have proposed seven procedures, the first three covered by direct translation and the remaining four by oblique translation. Direct translation includes the processes of 1. acceptation 2. Calque 3. Literal translation Oblique translation includes the processes of 1. Transposition 2. Modulation.3. Equivalence 4. Adaptation The discussion to follow will be focusing on the news report of these seven processes with reference to the novel by Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice ( Source text) and its Urdu translation by Professor Shahid Hameed as Takkabur or Taasub (Target text). 1. Direct Translation 1. 1. Borrowing Jeremy Munday in his book Introducing Translation Studies says that in borrowing the SL word is transferred directly to the TL. It is the idea of taking the word from the source language and maintaining it in the target language.It is considered the simplest ofthe procedures and tends to be employed in two situations either when discussing a new technical process for which no term exists within the target language, or when maintaining a word from the sou rce language for stylistic effect, in which the spokesperson uses the foreign term to add flavor to the target text. The advantage of borrowing dodging is that it brings an original connotation to the word in TL.1. 2. Calque A calque is when an expression from the source text (ST) is transferred literally into the TT. Calques either follow the syntax of the TL while translating each word literally or ignore thesyntax of the TL and maintain the syntax of the SL, rendering the calque in an awkward syntactical structure in the TT. It has the same influence on the enhancement of cultural integration. However, sometimes this translation schema will cause difficulties in conveying messages in the TL.1. 3. Literal translation This is word for word translation. Vinay and Darbelnet describe it as being the most common between the languages of the same family and culture. The idea of translating word for word in a way that does not alter the meaning is considered an acceptable use of liter al translation by the two scholars.Vinay and Darbelnet say that literal method is unacceptable in these occasions 1. 3. 1. It gives another meaning 1. 3. 2. It has no meaning 1. 3. 3. It is structurally impossible 2. Oblique Translation 2. 1. Transposition Vinay and Darbelnet referred to transposition as changing word class without changing meaning. This refers to when translating programs change the word type, such as from nouns to verbs. They considered transposition to be either obligatory or optional, and referred to the ST as the base expression and the TT as the transposed expression. According to Newmark transposition consists of four types of grammatical changes.The first type concerns words form and position, the second type of transposition is usually apply when the TL does not have the equal grammatical structure of the SL. Newmark defines the third type as the one where literal translation is grammatically possible nevertheless may not accord with the natural usage in the TL. Transposition, here, offers translators a plenty of possible versions. Concerning the fourth type, it occurs when the translator uses a grammatical structure as a way to replace a lexical gap. 2. 2. Modulation The fifth of Vinay and Darbelnets procedures is modulation.Modulation is defined as a change in spotlight of view that allows us to express the same phenomenon in a different way. In other words Modulation refers to rendering the TT from a different point of view to that of the ST. Vinay and Darbelnet consider this procedure to be necessary when the results of the former procedures would produce an awkward- sounding translation, despite it being grammatically, syntactically, and lexically correct. Modulation is a way for the translator to find a degree of naturalness in their TT without sacrificing any meaning or accuracy originating from the ST.Theapplication of this skill demands very much the translators capacity to mastering bilingual languages. 2. 3. Equivalen ce It refers to a strategy to describe the same situation by using completely different stylistic or structural methods for producing equivalent texts. Equivalence is not only useful but also necessary in translating idioms and proverbs. 2. 4. Adaptation It refers to a method used in those cases where the type of situation being referred to by the SL message is unknown in the TL culture. Rather than operations on linguistic level, this strategy focus on phenomena or practices that are absent in the targetculture.

Social And Cultural Aspect Of Child Abuse In Punjab

Social And Cultural Aspect Of infant Abuse In PunjabIn the article he discussed that tiddlerren are a truly vulnerable sector of our society. Child plague keep occur in every sector of our society, but some peasantren are at a high risk for malignment. The debate behind the research is to find out what is child poke fun and to know the different forms of physical revilements. D.P.Noe said Children are at an increase risk for holler if they were a product of an unwanted pregnancy, or induce parents that are still children themselves. There is an increased risk for child abuse if the parents of a child have history of being ab employ when they were children. or are have been brought up in a home with domestic violence. Single parents or parents with a drug or alcohol problems put a child at a higher risk for abuse. Certain socioeconomic levels such as children living in poverty place them at a higher risk for abuse. The different types of physical abuses discussed by the a uthor areMay impart with bruises that are patterned, multiple bruises of different ages, bruising in a non-ambulatory child, burns, and lacerations.The reason behind the research is to know the role of the family life educator that how child abuse brook be prevented by the family itself. He said there are different programs to prevent child abuse there are school found programs, Schools are in a unique position to address the child abuse problem through school based programs. School based programs should tense up the basal prevention of child abuse by basing content on the cultural forces contributing to abuse. He describe some teaching suggestion in the article which are effective in a family life education program emphasizing the teaching of positive discipline as a primary prevention method for child abuse for example Invite student perspective on the topic of discipline, Invite students to share their feelings with the class. Further more he discussed that what question s hould be asked by the student and how should they be treated. The role of the teachers. He said equally important is the learn to develop activities that will nominate students with an fortune to confront feelings about discipline issues and to learn discipline and guidance strategies that help children develop social competence.The reason behind the research is to know the reason wherefore and how child abuse occur in step families. Evidence from the cases suggests that stepparents are overrepresented among abusers. Jean Giles-Sims and David Finkelhor explained five theories that have been used to explain this presumed relationship. The theories are social-evolutionary, normative, melody, selection and choice theory. Author also discussed Stepparents and Natural Parents as Perpetrators In Three Types of Child Abuse (physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse). According to his research step start conduct more physical and emotional abuse. The social-evolutionary (somet imes referred to as socio-biological) perspective predicts that stepchildren are more likely to be both physically and sexually abused than ingrained children, using different arguments to explain each type of abuse. According to the normative theory of sexual abuse by stepparents is uniform with a social-evolutionary perspective which argues that the acknowledgment of incest taboos is to avoid genetic degradation. However, the normative argument does not require a biologically based assumption. In the dialect theory it is stated that stepfamilies experience stress, and that stress is related to child abuse. In the selection factor theory author said that it may be that the same factors which make people prone to fall apart and remarriage also make them prone to abuse children. It may be that the same factors which make people prone to divorce and remarriage also make them prone to abuse children. Resource theory is the final theoretical approach which explains higher rates of child abuse by stepparents. According to this theory, the more resources a person can command, the more power and authority that person has at his/her disposal to regulate a social formation.the reason for conducting this research is to analyse the Ethical dilemmas that are unremarkably encountered in family sexual abuse cases. In the research the primary ethical problems faced by marital and family therapists working with families in which child sexual abuse is suspected or has occurred are examined. The sexual abuse of children is to the highest degree frequently perpetrated by males upon females, with stepfather or biological father/daughter molestation being the most commonly reported form of abuse. Kitchener (1984) and Thompson (1990) suggest that the practitioner turn to the following six general ethical principles to guide ethical decision making autonomy, fidelity, Justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and self-interest. These provide a framework for considering the spec ific ethical dilemmas encountered by family therapists who are confronted with child sexual abuse. Author also discussed the therapeutic treatment of abuse it is recommended that sexual abuse treatment with these families not be under taken without specialized training and supervision (Principle .6). The therapist may need to refer the family, a process that can be facilitated by helping the clients understand that this action affirms the therapeutic promise to promote their welfare. Awareness of the meta-ethical principles involved in working with these families can help to identify where principles may conflict.The reason for the study is to identify economic and cultural generative factors of child abuse. There are special circumstances affecting the occurrence of child maltreatment, such as parental youth and inexperience, parental discord and divorce, adoption, and problematic child attributes, which are explored in the research. The evidence for intergenerational transmission of abuse is also examined. The few prospective studies that have used quantitative methods have yielded mixed results, with two (Johannesson, 1974 Sears, 1961) reporting no evidence for an association between corporal punishment and child aggression, and (Lefkowitz, Eron, Walder, Huesmann, 1977 McCord, 1979 Singer, Singer, Rapaczynski, 1984) find a positive association. The reason why parents maltreat their children are parents own background, economic position. Economic factors leads to economic stress, Economic stress generated depression and demoralization in parents, which in turn resulted in marital conflict and bad parenting-harsh, inconsistent discipline and hostile rejection or non involvement. Divorce is also the reason for the maltreatment of children by parents. suffering income and single parents also bring into being the reason for the child abuse. Data obtained from research with non abusive middle-class families. The research also focuses on facets of responsivene ss (warmth, reciprocity, attachment) and demanding ness (coer- civeness, confrontation, monitoring, supervision, consistent discipline, corporal punishment) (Maccoby Martin, 1983). Compared to parents from non abusive families, parents from both abusive and neglectful families can be expected to be little responsive and neglectful parents to also be slight demanding.The reason for conducting the research is to find the exact relationship between stress and child abuse despite the fact that stress contributes to child abuse. Author discussed ternary models postulating the influence of stress on child abuse phenomenological model, life change model, and social model. In phenomenological model describe that an early formulation of the stress and child abuse relationship, suggests that abusive behaviour is unleashed by figurative or solid incidents perceived as stressful by adults who are vulnerable to abuse from incompetent upbringings. Stress arises when an incident is judged to be personally threatening. Assessing the threat, including risks to self-esteem and physical comfort, occurs after the individual inventories his or her personal resources for coping. The usefulness of the phenomenological model is limited by its insufficiency of ability to identify unique characteristics of the situation or the abuser. such(prenominal) constraints as cultural factors, for one, contribute to abuse. In the life chain model describe the conjunction between stress and abuse. This model posits a series of changes in life situation as contributing to the potential to abuse. It also assumes that physical and psychological stress processes are equivalent. The life change model is as followsCUsersstudentDesktopaaaaaaaaa.PNGThe social model describes another explanation of the connection between child abuse and stress. Child abuse is largely a function of the stresses of poverty, the social model rests on accumulating evidence from child abuse researchers that diminished s ocial or ecological resources take after poverty and increase child maltreatment among the poor. members of lower socioeconomic groups are exposed to more stressful events than members of higher socioeconomic groups and that the poor are more helpless to the impact of those events. Social isolation is manifest in child abuse. In short phenomenological, life change and social models of stress in child abuse explains that stress in part arises from personal appraisals, cross-sectional life disruptions, and environmental deprivations.This research is done to analyse the different effects of demographic, social, and economic factors on the number of child abuse and there are neglect reports in 18 urban, suburban, and rural counties over a period of 6 years. The analytic slew of this research consists of two parts. The first tests hypotheses about the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable, child abuse and neglect reports.The model is separately tested for the u rban, suburban, and rural counties. The second part uses the independent variables to determine the extent to which the model replicates actual data in each type of county.The time-series approach is used to analyse the growth of child abuse. Eighteen of 58 urban, suburban, and rural counties were selected for analysis.Child labor has become an important discussion topic and that how childrens rights may be protected as globalization has increased so has concern for childrens rights and child labor..Most societies believe that if children will work they will learn more but conditions that are detrimental to their health is an area of concern. Children who are appreciated by their families are able to learn more an in a less stressful manner compared to those who are not praised and whose work is also not praised. Many conventions have been held by ILO to de motivate those who employ children and force them to work in hazardous conditions. Some international organizations have also b een trying to create awareness about childrens rights. In every country organizations are working for rights of child. New institutions are opened to guide the people. UNICEF and various nongovernmental organizations are working to protect Convention on the Rights of the Children and its effective implementationThere are some(prenominal) forms of child abuse and the one which has received most concern is the battered child syndrome. There are six main types of abuses that have been discussed including physical abuse and physical neglect. The reason for child abuse could be that as a child the abuser was also maltreated by his parents for not meeting their demands. Such children when marry look for spouses who have been through similar experiences during their child hood.Parents sometimes have unrealistic expectations from their children and when the child is unable to meet these demands the parents become frustrated and become abusive towards the child. Adolescents aged 12 to 17 ac count for 20% of the abuse and neglect cases. These children can be treated with the help of the family and several different fellowship services. Although the aim of the treatment is to protect the child but it also focuses on the parents.Abusive parents have problems asking for help thus a reporting system can generate collapse results. Suspected child abuse may be directed by observing a sick or hurt child with his parents or by listening to parents explanation of injuries. Parents should be told of places from where they can receive help for parenting their child in a better manner. The emotional aspects of parenting should be incorporated into parental training classes as well as into all other types of parenting education. Family life courses and family planning clinics should inform people of the responsibilities interdict along with positive.The American public health association adopted policies to prevent child abuse as a problem which has significant health problems. The constitute of child maltreatment has significant and long lasting effects. Cultural acceptance for child abuse is seen in schools in the form of punishments and abuse by parents and neighbors is seen as a problem.Thus measures should be taken to reduce acceptance for child abuse and violence. Coordinated efforts of the public sector and the private sector shall be taken in order to create awareness about the responsibility. Training programs should also be held in order to reduce abuse against children in an effective manner. These programs need funding and support to become more affordable by the society.A conclusion that the article with draws is that those children who have been abused as a child melt down to become child or spouse abusers themselves thus research shows that child abuse is directly related to family stress, financial problems and single parenting responsibilities.Child abuse can only be prevented with the help and cooperation of all the sectors private and public including public health, law and order and educational institutes.

Feminism Portrayed In Movies

Feminism Portrayed In MoviesFilms have long been used as a tool to portray human imaginations and ideas that argon sometimes deemed impossible in reality. The characters in trains have had a huge impact, with regard to gender stereotype, on audiences of all ages (Neuendorf et. al., 2010). Though there have been debates of how young-bearing(prenominal) characters argon being portrayed in films, from being submissive to hyper-sexualised and lately, adopting more dominant roles in films, has there really been a change in potent characters in films instead (Gilpatric, 2010)? Have staminate person characters in films adopt distaff person traits like how the female characters have adopted manly traits? This paper looks into how the portrayals of male characters in films have changed or are changing and how they affect gender construction.The feminist move custodyt has constantly fought for womens right and equality so as to place women on equal standing to men in the lodge. This revo lution has since been translated onto the silver screens as films depict women vie prominent and dominant roles in films (Gilpatric, 2010 Neundorf et. al., 2010) which is a stark line of work to the past when women compete a submissive and subservient roles to the male character. Furthermore, films mirror the changing nature of our society, expecting men to behave in accordance to societal expectations deconstructing the male stereotype. Thus, the increasing trend in films shifting away from portraying men as having the traditional masculine trait, reconstructing it to more what termed now as the New season Men (NAM) has been a result of the increasing prominence and self-assurance of females in films and the evolving nature of the society.The NAM is thus seen as a fusion of having both the traditional traits of males and females, include both masculine and feminine traits. Here, maleness is defined as having the size, physical strength, rejection to authority and the use of physical force (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Along with those masculine traits, the NAM are similarly expected to have traits like caring and being able to handle housework. The birth of the NAM has been heavily attri saveed to the rise of females in films and the changing nature of the society. Men today feel there is a need to differentiate themselves from females in films to assert their dominance in the industry and to reintegrate into the society, deconstructing the male stereotype. pi withalate Characters in Films Today. mannish characters in films are moving away from having masculine traits due to the rise of female prominence and dominance in the roles they play by adopting those masculine traits. Female characters like Lara Croft and Kill Bill highlights the point that traits like submissive and subservient are no longer being associated with female character. The casting of the stupefy girlfriend character is as equally important, receiving just as much attention as the casting of James affixation himself, and though a Bond film whitethorn lack the innovative gadget, never has there been a Bond film without a Bond girl (Neuendorf et. al., 2010). This accentuates that the womens roles are equally important to the Bond character. Men, who relate closely to Bond who usually portray masculine traits, view this as a challenge to their maleness as the Bond character is low-level on the female character. The lack of innovative gadgets to a fault portrays a crisis in masculinity since men regard these technologies as macho (Neuendorf et. al., 2010). This is further amplified with female characters playing main characters in films being created with complex and enthralling personalities relative to male characters who are rather one-dimensional and are of minor interest (Russell-Watts, 2010).Women are also selected to play roles previously played and deemed suitable for men. Though Lara Croft and Kill Bill props to mind, the Hamlet by William Shakespear e is another example. Despite Hamlet being a male character, women have been manifesting their interest to play the role and there has been an increasing trend of women getting selected to personify Hamlet (Howard, 2007). Moreover, the Hamlet is known to be touch in frenzy as portrayed by the character Alexandra Tranda, who parallels the happenings of Hamlet to the events occuring in her life and ends up killing her father (Howard, 2007). Violence is defined as any intentional infliction of physical pain or harm (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001) and has a positive correlation to masculinity (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001 Neuendorf et. al., 2010 Gilpatric, 2010) thus proving an increase in violence equates to in an increase in masculinity. Men feel the idea of a women hamlet as unhealthy and feel ashamed for a woman to final payment the Hamlet role (Howard, 2007). This is an indication to men that women are challenging their masculinity and dominance in the film industry especially in roles crafted for men.The rise of females in films adopting a more masculine nature and playing characters deemed more suited for men resulted men to feel challenged in their masculinity and has since led to a crisis in it. Men feel there is a need to differentiate themselves from the female characters and assert their masculinity and dominance within the society, re-constructing the gender stereotype to create the NAM.The ever-changing Nature of the Society.Films impact audiences (Gilpatric, 2010) and may portray a reflection of the society. The dynamic nature of the society portrayed through films has been a contributing factor to the deconstructionism of the male gender stereotype to form the NAM. Relative to the past, women today are generally more educated, enabling them to take up jobs also held by men (Buchbinder, 2008). Accelerated by the feminist movement, women today are equally as likely as men to be casted to play professional roles and jobs like doctors and lawyers (Gilpatr ic, 2010). in that location is an increase of female characters holding major roles from 12% in 1960 to 32% in 1990 (Neuendorf et. al., 2010) and female characters in films crowd out be a true original of their position in the society as 51% US workers who hold high-paying management and professional jobs are women (Gilpatric, 2010). Similarly, most young man today expects to go through at least three major career changes in his life (Buchbinder, 2008). Also, improvements in the economy have enabled both women and men to spend on luxury items. Narcissistic concern with ones look and body, traditionally marked as feminine are being linked to men, making it harder to comply with the traditional masculinity trait of a man (Buchbinder, 2008).There has also been a shift in the portrayal of men in films today. In the past, men have everlastingly adopted the central hear but roles recently played by men and women in films have been blurred as the gap between masculinity and feminity. According to Breillat, There is no masculine psychology in my cinema. They contain only what women feel and desire. Therefore, men must not try to recognise themselves in my male characters (Russell-Watts, 2010, p. 72). This shows that men play secondary roles to women in todays films restricting them to relate to the traditional male masculinity. Moreover, men are also increasingly portrayed in films as the figure of the schlemiel. Schlemiel is a Yiddish word which means a foolish persona social misfit (Buchbinder, 2008, p. 228) and is unable to meet the performance and attitudinal requirements of traditional masculinity (Buchbinder, 2008, p. 230). For instance, Bond girls have been known to play independent and intelligent roles even outwitting Bond himself in the latest Bond movie. Despite Bond films representing Bond as having a chauvinistic persona (Neuendorf et. al., 2010), this places Bond in the Schlemiel category of a foolish character causing men to view this as a crisis t o their masculinity.These factors when combined has resulted men to lose its masculine traits and restricted them to conform to the traditional masculine traits deconstructing the traditional male stereotype and reconstruct the NAM to help them have back into society and be of an equal standing or higher to the women.Stereotypes Still Prevails.Some might argue that despite the rising prominence and dominance of women, the subservient and submissive nature of womens portrayal still prevail while mens masculinity are still confined to the traditional stereotype. Women in films are still regarded as subservient and submissive as the dominance exerted is based on a maternal motif, creating a stereotype of mothers or wives to save her child or loved ones (Gilpatric, 2010). Moreover, the societal movement of feminism is lacking, as women in films today still report to a more dominant male character (Neuendorf et. al., 2010), playing as a sidekick to a male character and getting involved in a romantic relationship with them (Gilpatric, 2010). Male characters though may have less masculine traits as portrayed by Robert in the movie Romance, his masculinity is emphasised through his occupation, being the boss of the main female character (Russell-Watts, 2010). This proves that despite being portrayed as dominant character in films today, women still conform to the gender stereotype of the traditional feminine traits of reporting to a more dominant male character. Some may argue also that films may not be a true reflection of society hence the portrayal of men as less masculine are not true. Films portray women as successful only when they are thin and mesmeric (Neuendorf et. al., 2010) when in fact, success is judged based on merit and not only looks. Building on, by showcasing one man as less masculine in the form of the schlemiel figure, subtly it provides a foil for other male characters to stand out, bringing out the masculine traits in the other male character s, (Buchbinder, 2008) indicating that male characters in movies still conform to the male gender stereotype of masculinity.New Age Man is the New Man.Despite the portrayal of women as subservient and submissive, women are still just as likely as men to commit violent acts in films. Presently, women are more likely to show acts of aggression (Neundorf et. al., 2010) and masculinity levels in male and females have increased (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Though many may argue that the feminist movement may not have reached its promised desire, it cannot be regarded as a failure. Womens role in movies has since increased transcending the traditional feminine traits (Gilpatric, 2010). No longer women are being portrayed as one-dimensional who plays stereotypical female characters. Moreover, men today are unlikely to conform to the traditional form of masculinity although they may still hold superiority over the female characters as masculinity portrayed by men in films today is excessive in nature and something that men cannot relate to. The rugged masculinity shown through characters played by Mel Gibson, Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger is being described as a fantasy (Eschholz and Bufkin, 2001). Men feels there is a need to form a new identity something that they can relate to and has slowly since give rise to the birth of the NAM. Though portraying men as less masculine or as the schlemiel figure helps to bring out the masculinity in other male characters (Buchbinder, 2008), this very need has proved that there is a decreasing trend in films, which compositors case men as masculine.Conclusion.Films have evolved tremendously down the years and will continue to do so at such rapid rate. As womens roles in films continue to rise and take centre stage, male characters in films have since taken steps in the opposite direction, adopting lesser of the traditional masculine traits but instead adopt more feminine traits. This has not being helped by the chan ging nature of the society where women continue to rise in status at workplaces challenging men for jobs. The birth of the NAM has been heavily attributed to the rising dominance and prominence of female characters in films and also the changing nature of the society. As the world beat more globalized, womens status in society is also expected to improve and NAM may well form a new stereotype for men in times to come.(1996 Words)

Millennialism and Apocalypse Thought in S. T. Coleridge and William Wor

missing some works citedTintern Abbey Millennialism and Apocalypse Thought in S. T. Coleridge and William Wordsworths PoeticsStorming of the Bastille 1789 1During and in the aftermath of the cut Revolution, millennialist thought independent of the myriad of economic and historical reasons for its precipitation influenced many authors. Many people perceived the French Revolution as a auspicate of an Apocalypse that would usher in a new millenarian epoch, one levelling social distinctions between people and bringing about what was believed to be Christs absolute rule. Samuel Taylor Coleridge was much(prenominal) a writer influenced by millennialist and apocalyptic belief in the late-eighteenth-century. His early writings and visions, such as in Religious Musings (1794-6), and Pantisocracy (1794), as well as his proposed communal experiment on the Susquehanna River in the United States, mark his belief in a millennium that would eliminate the social evils that he saw as detrimental to both individuals and the society in which he lived.The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse Revelations 6 1-8, detail from Albert Durer 4The belief in millenarian and apocalyptic movements is one that was, and remains, like a shot pervasive. Its origins are not entirely understood, but as Hillel Schwartz notes, its root term, millennium, refers to a first-century eastern Mediterranean text, the Apocalypse of John or Book of Revelation. 2 Schwartz further notes that Among the gentlemans gentleman religions we can locate two constellations of millenarian thought about an epochal pulsing of time, one Zoroastrian-Jewish-Greek-Christian, the other Hindu-Buddist-Taoist-Confucian. 3 Broadly defined, it is The belief that the end of the w... ..., in love affair An Anthology, with CD-ROM, 2nd ed. Oxford & Malden, MA Blackwell, 2000.BACK 11. Earl Leslie Griggs, Ed. Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Vol. I. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1956, 395, 397.BACK 12. Duncan Wu and David Miall, eds. Romanticism An Anthology, with CD-ROM, 2nd ed. Oxford & Malden, MA Blackwell, 2000. ( 271).BACK 13. Ibid, 191.BACK 14. Ibid.BACK 15. Wordsworth, There is an active principle (1798), 9-11.BACK 16. Coleridge, quoted in Peterfreund, Stuart. Coleridge and the Politics of vital Vision. Critical Essays on Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Ed. Leonard Orr. New York, Toronto Maxwell Macmillan International, 1994, 39.BACK 17. Earl Leslie Griggs, Ed. Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Vol. II. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1956, 1013.BACK 18. http//www.new-harmony.com/

Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Evils of Society Exposed

The Evils of Society Exposed in The Lottery In Shirley capital of Mississippis The Lottery, what appears to be an ordinary day in a small town takes an evil turn when a woman is stoned to death after winning the town lottery. The lottery in this story reflects an old tradition of sacrificing a scapegoat in order to encourage the growth of crops. But this story is not about the past, for through the actions of the town, Jackson shows us many of the social ills that exist in our own lives. In todays society we often have an all too-casual attitude toward chance Jackson shows us this aspect of human nature through the towns casual attitude toward the lottery. The men talk of rain, tractors and taxes and the women gossipall the meter knowing they argon about to kill someone or be perhaps even be killed themselves (Jackson 863). The thing that is most important to them is to hurry up and finish so they can eat lunch. Perhaps the feeling of being in a hurry makes what theyre about to do easier they dont have time to let it bother them. How often in todays society do we hear the phrase, just hurry up and adhere it over with? The townspeople seem to have mixed emotions about the lottery they fear it yet on a very barbaric level they lie with it. By standing away from the pile of stones, and keeping their distance from the black box, the villagers show their fear of the lottery (Jackson 863). However, once they find out who is going to be stoned, Tessie Hutchinson, they seem to actually enjoy the stoning. One villager picks up a stone so big she can barely carry it someone even gives Tessies youngest son a few pebbles to throw at his mother. Their overall attitude about the stoning is summed up by the phrase and then they were... ...f their family (Jackson 867). In universal life, we posses the same selfish attitude portrayed in the story. What is one of a childs favorite words? Its mine We constantly read well its better you than me and its every man for himsel f. Its pretty scary _when you actually think about it, because you realize we really are that selfish. The Lottery is symbolic of any number of social ills that mankind blindly perpetrates (Friedman 108). The story is very shocking, but the reality of mankind is even more shocking. Isnt it funny that Jackson gives us a description of our nature, and not only do we not recognize it for what it is , but it shocks us. Works Cited Jackson, Shirley. The Lottery. The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. unused York HarperCollins, 989. Friedman , Lenemgia. Shirley Jackson. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1975.